CMOS (Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor)

Texas Instruments (TI) invented the integrated circuit (IC) in 1958, With the development of silicon planar technology, bipolar type and MOS are two important integrated circuits were invented, marking a quantitive and qualitative leap in the era of tube and transistor manufacturing.

MOS transistor is shortname for Metal Oxide Semiconductor structure transistor, categarized as Type P  and Type N. An integrated circuit composed of MOS tubes is called a MOS integrated circuit. The complementary MOS integrated circuit composed of PMOS transistor and NMOS transistor is called CMOS IC  (Complementary MOS Integated Circuit). 

Digital circuits can be divided into bipolar integrated circuits (mainly TTL) and unipolar integrated circuits (CMOS, NMOS, PMOS, etc.) according to the conductivity type.  Single gate static power consumption of the channel is on the order of nanowatt for CMOS circuit. 

Circuit Principle

COMOS is a raw material that is widely used in IC chips manufacturing. Using CMOS technology, pairs of metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors (MOSFET) can be integrated on a silicon wafer. Typically used in RAM and switching applications. In the computer field, it usually refers to saving basic computer startup information.
(such as date, time, boot settings, etc.) ROM chips. 

CMOS is composed of PMOS tube and NMOS tube, which is characterized by low power consumption. Because of the gate circuit composed of a pair of MOS in CMOS, either PMOS is turned on, or NMOS is turned on, or both are turned off. Much more efficient than linear triodes, so power consumption is much lower.